Making sense of regulation and sequencing

URA:
About gross floor area

1. What counts and doesnt count. All area is counted to center of parti wall.
2.Service ducts just like lift to be counted once.
2.Sky Terrace has main excluded area and also an additional one known as "residual area". This has to be <20%, with ST at >60% of floorplate and perimeter opening at 60% for it to be not counted.

BCA:
About accessibility:

1.Corridor width
2.Push Pull of door and wall setback
3.Lift if handicap friendly
4.Handicap toilets comply

FSSD:
About fire

1.Entry of fire engine, extent of access way
2.FCC
3.Fire fighting lift min 2 if >24m
4.Fire fighting lobby+ PWD
5.Staircase
6.Means of escape and occupant load

CBPU: Important to use the latest. current is 2013.
About refuse and toilet

1.Refuse top vent above roof min 2.1m
-Refuse amount based on typology will determine if bin center is needed ( >1000L/day)
-1 bin plus 1 extra needed
2.Toilet given by chart, based on GFA, for female and male
-Ambulant disabled ratio increased. (BCA accessibility 2013; 2 required for 6-10WC)
3.Tap point for cleaners sink
4.Diaper changing station
5.F&B: for a food shop with food stalls, min kitchen 8 sqm, min servery area 5sqm
-when >6 stalls, 1 handwashing basin with soap and towel, n litterbin

Today is FSSD day

Smoke Stop Lobby, Fire Lobby ,Fire Control Centre & Access way:

Any building exceeding 4 storey needs a smoke stop lobby for each staircase on every level. It shall be 3m2 and 6m2 if it is a fire fighting one, with no dimension smaller than 2m.

If naturally ventilated which will be first choice as it is cheapest. Opening needs to be 15% of area and not more than 9m from an airwell;

If building is >24m or has a basement >9m
-2 fire lifts are needed, where one can double up as a PWD.
-A fire lift needs to be placed next to a fire staircase and smoke stop lobby.
-any part should not be > 60m from lift.

For purpose grps 3-8, FCC is needed (min 6m2)
-if GFA > 5000sqm, >24m in height
-best to be located next to fire lift lobby

Lemme try in a point form.
-> 4 storey, every staircase needs a smoke stop lobby
-3m2 or 6m2 if fire fighting, all dimensions >2m
-natural vent opening to be 15% of area
-no other opening within 1.5m horizontally and 3m vertically of natural vent.
-2 PWD holding points on every storey except if only 1 staircase, <15m, < 4storeys; l

*location within smoke stop lobby, at least 500mm away from either doorway
*within staircase, (only for bldg <4storeys; 900x1400mm)
*corridor escape route min 1200

Access way: note access road and access way is different
Overall:
-Height clearance 4.5 m
-Access openings min 850 mm x 1000 mm at every <20 m apart
-Breeching inlet within 18 m
-Access way to be 50 m from hydrant, hence in the middle every 100 m( 50 50 to next)
-turn radius of 3.5 m m u-turn of radius 7 m

Purpose group 3-5,7:
->10 m, coverage of access way based on largest floor plate whether 1/6,1/4,1/2/3/4, island site access
-<10 m, within every 45 m point, pump appliance access road of 4 m width.

Purpose group 6,8,
-extent of access way is by cubical extent
-access way is min 6 m, 4 m width road, and 2 m setback for ladder

exception: 
-if internal staircase is pressurized and <24m to habitable ht
-external exit staircase
-in open sided carpark that is naturally ventilated

not exempted if:
-purpose group exceeds 4 storeys and from purpose group 2 and 7
-internal pressurized stairs >24m habitable height
-stairs is fire fighting staircase next to fire fighting lift

Discharge staircase:
-Direct discharge with no cover
-or with cover, only 50% of staircase, and covered area must not be > 10m, and has to be a direct access ( probably a covered corridor)

Scissor exit staircase:
-between doors at least 7m

#2 Buffer Setback and capacity

Today i started with an idea to do a flowchart and began with the ubiquitous staircase. To understand a typical capacity of a 2m wide stair with 1m width and its capacity. Refer to #1 of Sg Code for the steps. With the most recent council flats Grenfell tower: with 6 apartments per floor, 8 pax/unit, about 50 people per floor, going by just the fire escape code, capacity is sufficient. however this is w/o the highrise code in.

For factory, shop and office, per unit width of 0.5m; capacity is 60pax. For resi is 30pax. Hence for typical stair at 1m, capacity is 120m2. Roughly at 10m2/ pax; that is a floor plate of 1200m2.

Travel distance for sprinkled, was also reviewed with 1 way and 2 way. Factory and shop at 1way: 25m, 2 way: 60m, office and resi at 1way: 30m, 2 way at 75m. this is important because when considering any cluster bigger than 1 unit, what would be an efficient module to have per block so as to reduce the stairs without being a hazard

Another thing was the setbacks for landed housing. I read about detach, terrace 1 and 2 and GCB, with the land size and also min widths. This is useful for master planning and concept design for designing min modules of land parcels. And also understanding what gives an urban city a certain perspective. The view of a perspective.

Means of Escape

I ve research this topic many times, be it at the office. But each time i find there is much nuances that i have missed out.

Here, i will outline todays' discovery.
Exit requirement depends on 5 things:

1. Type of Use
2. Occupant Load
3. Floor Area (eg office/shop/warehouse if per floor <200m2 one exit staircase is enough, but also occupant load must be <50pax)
4. Travel Distance
5. Capacity of Exits

Type of Use & Occupant Load:
These two kinda go hand in hand. Starting from the approx office floor area of each plate: eg 3000 m2. Refer to Table 2.2 A, Type of use will indicate the occupant load. Office admin occupancy load is 10 m2/person. Approx 3000/10 = 300 pax

** In actual scenario, it will be the specific functional area(eg: admin, reception,shop, meeting room) divide by occupant load factor. Refer to occupancy load table.

Capacity of Exits:
This is tied to point 1 & 2. As From Table 2.2 A, office typology, the allowable escape through staircase per 500mm( unit width ) is 60pax. (Columns E & F).
Hence for approx OL of 300; at 60pax, 5 unit widths are needed. If each staircase is 1m, that means 2 unit widths, and so 2.5 staircase ~ 3 staircase needed.

This also means that the maximum permissable occupant load = 3(staircase) x 60(persons) x 2(unit widths) = 360pax

If mixed occupancy, most stringent measurement will be taken. Note best for each staircase to be of equivalent size, as difference will usually render the smaller one inadequate to provide for escape in event of fire.

Travel Distance:
Direct distance = 2/3 Travel distance.
Draw a straight line from most remote location to the the door of escape staircase. this DD should be 2/3 or less than TD(sprinkled or unsprinkled). This TD can be check from table 2.2A; one or 2 way.

Note max dead end of space to corridor door is 20m.